After World War II, some European countries such as The German Federal Republic, lost a lot of men and it caused an economic crises. In order to overcome the negative consequences of the war, these countries which lost their economic power signed agreements with some countries which had high
unemployment rates such as Turkey, Greece, Spain. These agreements were aimed to improve both countries' economies. According to these agreements, uskilled and aunemployed people emigrated to countries which needed labors. Such an agreement was signed by the Turkish government and the West-German government in 1961. Turkey provided temporary unskilled labor provided for Germany because Turkey had many citizens who were unskilled and Turkey needed skilled people. The immigrants were called "guest workers". However, most of emigrants did not return to Turkey and it led to some problems such as some workers loss in Turkey. Although it had drawbacks, benefits outweighed drawbacks for Turkey. Thanks to migration, remittance caused foreign currency come into Turkey. Unemployment rates dropped. Another advantage was that Turkish migrant workers obtained new skills returned to Turkey.
Remittance improved Turkish economy. Remittance means that labors who worked in foreign countries sent money to their family. Many Turkish workers in Germany earned money and saved it. Then, they began to send this money
which they do not need to their family. It was beneficial for Turkey because German money currency, Deutsche Mark, was more valuable than the Turkish Lira. It caused growing Turkish economy because after these families fulfilled their needs, they began to invest money or someone founded company. It was important for Turkish economy because both World War II and Korean War have an impact on Turkish economy. To clarify, wars triggered World Economic Crises and due to the adverse weather conditions in Turkey, resources' value increased and government could not support private sector. Foreign currency was invaluable for Turkish economy in these desperate conditions.
After this agreement which was between Turkey and Germany, unemployment rates dropped in Turkey. To begin with, most of people being unskilled and unemployed emigrated to another country. Secondly, after many people began
to emigrate, a new private sector was born such as "migration agency" in Turkey. This sector aimed to help people who wanted to emigrate to Germany. It was provided employment for people who lived in Turkey. Thirdly, after many immigrants saved money, they began to turn to Turkey and they invested money for business such as industrial area in Turkey. It played significant role in Turkey economy because Turkey was an agricultural country but after these investments, industry developed in Turkey and it also provided employment for Turkish citizens. That is to say, all were beneficial to decrease unemployment rates.
Since skilled people turned to Turkey from Germany, it was beneficial for production technologies and quality of products. They came back and founded
some companies. It caused competitive business life because company number increased. Each company tried to improve their production technologies. It means that quality of products came into prominence. Also, qualified employees gave education to unskilled labors. Turkey was able to train their own qualified staff. The point to be emphasized is that immigrants who turned to Turkey had vital importance to develop production technologies and quality of products.
Consequently, this temporary migration played crucial role for Turkish
economy and development. Remittance provided foreign currency and it was important at the economic crisis. Unemployment rates decreased and production technolies developed technologies developed in Turkey. In my opinion, migration is still important for countries because it provides improving international relations and sharing knowledge about technologies. Also, it contributes economic development.
İbrahim Murat
Source
Kirisci, Kemal. Turkey: A Transformation from Emigration to Immigration. 2003.
http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/turkey-transformation-emigration-immigration
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